.ig Ralph Corderoy's $Revision: 1.2 $. .. .so utp.mac .utp . .\" page 635 . .chapter D "Format of \f(CWtroff\fP Width Tables" Appendix .LP As discussed in Chapter 4, .CW troff uses width tables stored in the directory .CW /usr/lib/font to determine how to place text on the page. To do this, it needs to know how wide each character is. .PP For each type of .CW troff output device supported by your system, there should be a directory called .CW /usr/lib/font/dev\fIxx , where .I xx is the name of the device. For example, on our system. .Ps $ \f(CBls -F /usr/lib/font\fP devlj/ devps/ .Pe Within each of these directories resides an overall device description file, called .CW DESC , and individual font files for the fonts on your system. These files exist both in ASCII and binary form. The binary files are created from the ASCII versions using a utility called .CW makedev , and have the suffix .CW .out . .PP On our system, here's what the font directory for the HP Laserjet contains: .Rn "Book errata: it says devl, you'd think devlj from above. .Rn "Book errata: poorly expanded columns. .Ps $ \f(CBls /usr/lib/font/devl\fP B DESC I S B.out DESC.outI.out S.out CW HB R TY CW.out HB.out R.out TY.out .Pe . .Ah "The \f(CBDESC\fP File .LP The .CW DESC file contains an overall description of the output device, including its resolution in dots per inch, the paper size, the fonts that will be mounted by default, the available point sizes, and a complete list of all the .CW troff special character names supported on that device. . .\" page 636 . .PP A .CW DESC file might look something like the following example. .Ps # HP LaserJet fonts 6 R I B HB CW S sizes 7 8 10 12 14 17 22 27 0 res 300 hor 1 vert 1 unitwidth 12 paperwidth 2400 paperlength 3300 charset \e| \e^ \e- fi fl ff Fi Fl br vr ul ru bu sq em hy 14 12 34 aa ga . . . sc gr no is pt es mo dd rh lh bs or ci lt lb rt rb lk rk bv lf rf lc rc .Pe The following keywords are used in the .CW DESC file. .Rn "Markup problem: This list should be indented. .IP \f(CWfonts\fP 15 The number of fonts to be mounted for the device, followed by a list of the font names (maximum is ten). The user can request other fonts from within a document. However, the fonts listed here will be \(lqmounted\(rq (by analogy with the CAT typesetter), and can by referenced by position .CW \ef1 , ( .CW \ef2 ...) as well as by name. .IP "\f(CWsizes\fP" The sizes in which the various fonts are available. .IP "\f(CWres\fP" The resolution of the output device, in dots per inch. .IP "\f(CWhor\fP" The minimum number of units of resolution that the device can move in a horizontal direction. .IP "\f(CWvert\fP" The minimum number of units of resolution that the device can move in a vertical direction. .IP "\f(CWunitwidth\fP" The point size at which character widths are specified in the other files. .Rn "Suggestion: The maths parts would look better with eqn, e.g. `x'. .IP "\f(CWpaperwidth\fP" The width of the page in units of resolution (e.g., 8 inches x 300 = 2400, the width for the LaserJet, because it forces a \(12-inch margin). . .\" page 637 . .IP "\f(CWpaperlength\fP" The length of the page in units of resolution (e.g., 11 inches x 300 = 3300, the length for the LaserJet). .IP "\f(CWbiggestfont\fP" The maximum number of characters in a font. .IP "\f(CWcharset\fP" The list of character names that are supported on this output device. The keyword should be on a line by itself; the list of characters starts on the next line. .IP "\f(CW#\fP" Begins a comment. . .Ah "Font Description Files .LP For each font listed on the .CW fonts line of the .CW DESC file, there should be a font file with the same name. The font file contains a list of all the characters in the font, along with the width and other associated information. .PP A font file looks like this: .Ps name R internalname Roman charset 4 0 0 8 0 0 vr 0 3 13 ru 25 0 17 . . . A 42 2 65 B 35 2 66 C 37 2 67 . . . w 40 0 ll9 x 28 0 120 y 28 l 121 z 25 0 122 . . . .Pe Four columns, separated by tabs, are listed for each character. . .\" page 638 . .PP The first column lists the character name\(emeither the letter, digit, or symbol, or a two-character .CW troff special character name defined in the .CW charset section of .CW DESC . .PP The second column contains the width of the character in output device units. The width is the width of the character at the point size specified by the .CW unitwidth keyword in .CW DESC . For example, if .CW unitwidth is 12, then from the portion of the table just shown, we know that a 12-point .CW A in the roman font is 42 units wide. The .CW troff formatter determines the width at other point sizes by scaling the .CW unitwidth size. .Rn "Book errata: `an descender' .PP The third column describes the character type\(emthat is, whether it is an descender (1), ascender (2), both (3), or neither (0). .PP The fourth column contains the typeset code for the character. This code is the value that the output device will recognize to generate the character. This information is obtained from the typesetter or laser printer vendor. The code can be in decimal or octal form. (Octal is specified by a leading zero.) .PP In general, whomever supplied the driver for the output device will provide you with appropriate width tables for the supported fonts. However, you may have access to other public domain fonts for output devices that support downloadable raster fonts. In this case, you may need to build your own tables. .PP In addition, you may want to \(lqtune\(rq tables by adjusting the widths slightly if you find that the character spacing is poor. Creating a font table from scratch requires a magnifying glass, a micrometer, a good eye, and a lot of patience. . .Ah "Compiling Font Files .LP After you are satisfied with your width tables, they need to be compiled using the .CW makedev utility. .Ps $ \f(CBmakedev DESC\fP \fRCompile all fonts in \fPDESC .Pe Running .CW makedev on .CW DESC will compile all of the fonts listed on the .CW fonts line in that file. You can compile a font that is not included in .CW DESC by specifying its name on the command line. .Ps $ \f(CBmakedev B\fP \fRCompile the bold font\fP .Pe . .Ah "Font Usage Limitations .LP The user is not restricted to using the \(lqmounted\(rq fonts that have been listed in .CW DESC . Any font supported by the output device, and for which a compiled width table exists, can be referred to from within a document. For example, if you had a Palatino font family named .CW PA , .CW PB , and .CW PI , there should be files called. . .\" page 639 . .Ps PA.out PB.out PI.out .Pe One problem that is sometimes encountered is that .CW troff has problems if a font that is used in this way is larger (in absolute file size) than the largest of the mounted fonts specified in .CW DESC . The .CW troff formatter only allocates enough memory for the largest font in .CW DESC . If you encounter this problem, you can either strip unneeded characters out of the font, pad a font in .CW DESC , or add the large font that is giving you trouble to .CW DESC .